“The Hultqvist doctrine” – Swedish security and defence policy after the Russian annexation of Crimea

This article analyses how Sweden has adapted to the worsened security situation in its vicinity following Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea and war Eastern Ukraine. The paper builds on policy research focused neoclassic realism small state strategies order explore the, broadly unknown, from 2009 been implemented practice since 2014, through what observers call “Hultqvist doctrine.” aim is bring clarity Hultqvist doctrine best can be understood – as a non-aligned or an integration policy? strategy relates both systemic forces domestic circumstances. addresses puzzle posed by structural realism, that would work encourage align face threat emerged 2014. Still, resisted NATO membership. To this end, I construct apply analytical framework not only reveals degree novelty doctrine, but also allows for evaluation three dimensions openness, inclusiveness comprehensiveness combination with screening dimension. Following neoclassical study furthermore identifies conditions hinder flexibility.